Experiment 3 – Finding a mixture between honey and water with a viscosity of 20

Aim of Experiment: To find a mixture with a viscosity of 20 by mixing honey and water in different percentages.

Hypothesis:

Using the equation derived from experiment 2b’s hypothesis,

The percentage of honey in the mixture

= (20 – 1.004) ÷ 0.39238

= 18.996 ÷ 0.39238

= 48.41225343%

= 48% (Round off to whole no.)

The percentage of water in mixture

= 100 – 48

= 52%

Therefore, if the viscosities of water and honey are accurate, the mixture should consist of 48% honey and 52% water to achieve a viscosity of 20.

Materials Needed:

- 1 Zahn cup set-up (From experiment 1)

- 1 measuring cup (100ml)

- 1 measuring cup (44ml)

- 1 stopwatch (times up to milliseconds)

- 1 bottle of honey

- 1 calculator

- 1 mixing spoon

- 1 thermometer

Experiment Procedure:

1. Measure 48ml of honey into the measuring cup.

2. Measure 52ml of water into the same measuring cup.

3. Mix it well.

4. Allow the mixture to reach the temperature of the air-conditioned room (20ºC).

5. Use the thermometer to check the temperature of the mixture.

6. Pour the mixture into the Zahn Cup and start the stopwatch at the same time.

7. Stop the stopwatch when the continuous flow of honey water is broken.

8. Take down the timing up to milliseconds.

9. Repeat steps 1-8 4 times more for more accurate results.

10. Using the formula [1.1(time taken for liquid to flow from orifice – 29)], calculate the viscosity of the mixture based on the 5 timings

*Note: If percentages result in a viscosity of more than 0.1 cSt off from the expected viscosity of 20 cSt, re-conduct the experiment and increase or decrease the percentage of honey by 1% each time till viscosity is close to 20 cSt.

Independent Variable: (only if hypothesis is false) Percentage of honey in mixture.

Constant Variables:

1. Amount of mixture poured into Zahn Cup.

2. Size of orifice of Zahn Cup.

3. Temperature of mixture.

Dependent Variable: Time taken for the continuous flow of honey water through the orifice to stop.

Results:

Liquid	Time	Viscosity
Honey Water	46.42	19.162
48% Honey	46.71	19.481
52% Water	46.54	19.294
	45.97	18.667
	46.63	19.393
	Average Viscosity	19.1994

Data Analysis:

A mixture of 48% honey and 52% water has a measured average viscosity of 19.1994 cSt. This is more than 0.1 cSt off from my intended viscosity of 20 cSt.

Conclusion:

A mixture of 48% honey and 52% water does not result in a viscosity of 20 cSt. This conclusion is valid only with the following assumptions:

1. The mixture was mixed well and the honey was not clumped together.

2. Human error of starting and stopping the stopwatch was minimal.

Since the intended viscosity as not achieved, this experiment has to be re-conducted with a different percentage of honey and water.